A lymphoid organ in the upper left abdomen. It filters blood, removes aging blood cells, and participates in immune responses.
Filters blood, removes senescent red blood cells, and initiates adaptive immune responses against blood-borne antigens.
Left upper quadrant of the abdomen (left hypochondriac region), posterolateral to the stomach beneath ribs 9–11.
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Lymphatic vessels return excess tissue fluid to the venous circulation, and the splenic vein drains the spleen into the hepatic portal system.
The splenic artery (branching from the celiac trunk) supplies blood to the spleen for filtration and immune monitoring.